What is randomized algorithm?

Randomized algorithm: A randomized algorithm is a technique that uses a source of randomness as part of its logic. It is typically used to reduce either the running time, or time complexity, or the memory used, or space complexity, in a standard algorithm.

Randomized algorithm can be categorized into two classes:

(i) The first is algorithms that always produce the same output for the same input. These are called las vegas algorithms.

(ii) The second is algorithms where outputs might differ from run to run. These are called Monte Carlo algorithms.