What is protocol? Describe the key elements of protocol.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. A protocol defines what is communicated.

The key elements of a protocol are-

(i) Syntax: The term syntax refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented. It also includes the signal levels.

(ii) Semantics: The word semantics refers to the meaning of each section of bits.

For example, it does an address identify the route to be taken or the final destination of the message. It also includes control information for error handling.

(iii) Timing: The term timing refers to two characteristics: When data should be sent and how fast it should be sent. The timing is also includes the information about speed matching.